An introduction to Hay River: its history, the Nations whose lands it sits on, and Indigenous community life today, with sources.
Indigenous history of Hay River
Its South Slavey name is Xátł’odehchee. In 2021, just under half of residents identified as Indigenous. South Slavey, Chipewyan, Michif and English are all spoken here. Kátł’odeeche First Nation’s reserve lies on the opposite bank of the river. The Hay River area has been used by First Nations for thousands of years. Kátł’odeeche First Nation says its people have occupied the lands around Hay River and Buffalo Lake for at least 1,800 years. In 1892, Chief Shatla of the Slavey Dene founded a permanent settlement on the northeast bank of the river. Treaty 8, first signed in 1899, covers this part of the Northwest Territories. It is the largest treaty by area in Canadian history. Winter cat trains once followed traditional Dene routes through the region. In 1963, a major flood hit Vale Island and the Dene Village. In 1974, Chief Daniel Sonfrere negotiated the first reserve in the Northwest Territories.
Treaty and territory
Hay River sits in Treaty 8 territory, first signed in 1899, on the homeland of the South Slavey Dene. Kátł’odeeche First Nation, West Point First Nation and Métis citizens of the Northwest Territory Métis Nation all call the area home.
Nearby: Kátł'odeeche First Nation (Hay River Reserve) · Enterprise · Fort Providence · Fort Resolution · Alexandra Falls · Great Slave Lake
Indigenous Hay River today
Kátł'odeeche First Nation is a South Slavey Dene community on the east bank of the Hay River. Its reserve covers about 134 square kilometres. The Nation runs departments for education, health and wellness, housing, lands, daycare and recreation. It is developing its own land code under the Framework Agreement on First Nation Land Management. Visitors can find interpretive displays, an artisan centre, storytelling and drum dances there. Each March, the Nation hosts the K'amba Carnival on the river and the reserve. It features talent shows, Dene games and cultural competitions. The reserve also hosts an annual fiddling and jigging talent show, billed as the biggest North of 60. West Point First Nation is headquartered in town and belongs to the Dehcho First Nations. The Northwest Territory Métis Nation represents Métis citizens in Hay River, Fort Smith and Fort Resolution. Its programs include education, housing, language and hide tanning workshops. Hay River marks National Indigenous Peoples Day each June 21 with a fish fry, live music and cultural events. The Soaring Eagle Friendship Centre hosts a free community Christmas dinner.
More on the region: Indigenous Northwest Territories · all of Canada.