An introduction to Lethbridge: its history, the Nations whose lands it sits on, and Indigenous community life today, with sources.
Indigenous history of Lethbridge
Lethbridge, known in Blackfoot as Sikóóhkotok, sits among the coulees of the Oldman River valley in southern Alberta, about 215 km southeast of Calgary. The land was traditionally used by the Blackfoot Confederacy, and Oki, the Blackfoot word for hello, serves as the city’s official greeting. The University of Lethbridge and Lethbridge Polytechnic anchor education, and the Galt Museum and Archives presents Blackfoot culture. The Kainai Nation, whose Blood reserve is the largest in Canada, lies to the west, and the city has hosted the Lethbridge and District Siksikaitsitapi Powwow. Tipi rings, buffalo jumps and effigies across the region record centuries of seasonal movement. A Cree force of 600 to 800, allied with Saulteaux and Assiniboine, set out to raid the Blackfoot. They met unexpected Piikani camps, whose people had fled north after the Baker Massacre in Montana. Armed with repeating rifles, the Blackfoot drove the Cree back across the river. The city sits within Treaty 7 territory.
Treaty and territory
Lethbridge, Sikóóhkotok in Blackfoot, is on Treaty 7 territory, the traditional lands of the Blackfoot Confederacy (Siksika, Kainai and Piikani), and the homeland of the Métis. The Kainai (Blood Tribe) reserve, the largest reserve in Canada by area, is just southwest of the city.
Nearby: Kainai Nation (Blood Tribe) · Piikani Nation · Coaldale · Fort Macleod · Cardston · Taber
Indigenous Lethbridge today
The Blackfoot Confederacy is made up of three Nations in Canada: the Siksika, Kainai and Piikani. The area is also part of Métis Nation of Alberta Region 3. The University of Lethbridge created Canada's first Department of Native American Studies in 1975, now called Indigenous Studies. Leroy Little Bear, whose Blackfoot name is Iikaisskini, was its first chair. The university's own Blackfoot name, Iniskim, was gifted by Elder Bruce Wolf Child in 2002. Its programs include the Niitsitapi Teacher Education Program. Each year the university observes Truth and Reconciliation Days from September 28 to 30. The campus closes on September 30. In 2021, Blackfoot graduate Chataya Holy Singer designed its Orange Shirt Day shirt. Downtown, the Sik-Ooh-Kotoki Friendship Society on 2 Avenue South serves the urban Indigenous community. Its programs include Blackfoot language classes, moccasin and skirt making, boxing, basketball, hiking and filmmaking. The Iinii Rock Music Club meets there too. The Treaty 7 Urban Indian Housing Authority, based in Stand Off, keeps a Lethbridge office. It offers affordable rentals to low- and moderate-income First Nations families.
More on the region: Indigenous Alberta · all of Canada.