An introduction to Quebec City: its history, the Nations whose lands it sits on, and Indigenous community life today, with sources.
Indigenous history of Quebec City
Perched on Cap-Diamant above a narrowing of the St. Lawrence River, Quebec City takes its name from the Algonquin word Kébec, meaning where the river narrows. Samuel de Champlain established a settlement here in 1608 at the site of Stadacona, a former St. Lawrence Iroquoian village. On the city’s northern side, Wendake is home to the Huron-Wendat Nation, the Musée Huron-Wendat, the Hôtel-Musée Premières Nations and an open-air dance circle where the International Powwow of Wendake takes place. When Jacques Cartier arrived in 1535, Stadacona was home to about 1,000 Iroquoian people. They lived by fishing, hunting and growing corn. The Huron-Wendat came to the region after a hard exile. In 1649, about 1,000 Wendat fled with the Jesuits to Christian Island in Georgian Bay.
Treaty and territory
Quebec City is on Nionwentsïo, the ancestral territory of the Huron-Wendat Nation, whose community of Wendake is within the city.
Nearby: Wendake · Lévis · L’Ancienne-Lorette · Île d’Orléans · Sainte-Catherine-de-la-Jacques-Cartier
Indigenous Quebec City today
Wendake counted 5,155 registered members of the Huron-Wendat Nation as of April 2024. In the 2021 census, 6,980 people reported Wendat ancestry. Tourisme Wendake describes the community as landlocked within Quebec City. Wendake is governed by an elected council led by a Grand Chief, alongside family chiefs. The Nation reports that the Wendat language now appears across its governance. It runs an elementary school, a health facility and a police service, and it supports housing, youth programs and entrepreneurship. It also cares for a protected area called Ya’nienhonhndeh. Community services extend to environmental stewardship and hunting access. Visitors can explore Onhoüa Chetek8e, a traditional Huron site open year-round. Onhwa’ Lumina is a nighttime forest walk in which the Wendat Nation shares its legends through light. Organizers have announced a 2027 edition of the Wendake Pow Wow, with dates still to come. Wendake is also one of the 43 First Nations communities represented by the Assembly of First Nations Quebec-Labrador. Created in 1985, the Assembly brings together chiefs from 10 nations across Quebec and Labrador. Its work has included caribou protection and self-government for First Nations.
More on the region: Indigenous Quebec · all of Canada.