An introduction to The Pas: its history, the Nations whose lands it sits on, and Indigenous community life today, with sources.
Indigenous history of The Pas
The Pas sits where the Pasquia River joins the Saskatchewan River in northern Manitoba, roughly 520 km northwest of Winnipeg, and more than half of its residents identify as Indigenous. Opaskwayak Cree Nation, whose Cree name means at the wooded narrows, lies right beside the town; its Swampy Cree ancestors entered Treaty 5 in 1876. The Nation hosts Opaskwayak Indigenous Days every August. Before any fort or town, this place was a Cree encampment on the Saskatchewan River. The town recognizes Treaty 5 territory as the traditional lands of Opaskwayak Cree Nation and of many Cree, Dene and Oji-Cree people. It also names it the homeland of the Red River Métis. The Pas Band of Cree signed Treaty 5. From 1904 until 1930, the band also ran its own sawmill. In 1906, the band was forced to surrender its reserve land south of the river.
Treaty and territory
The Pas is on Treaty 5 territory, the lands of the Cree, and the homeland of the Métis. Opaskwayak Cree Nation is next to the town.
Nearby: Opaskwayak Cree Nation · Wanless · Cranberry Portage · Mosakahiken Cree Nation (Moose Lake) · Flin Flon
Indigenous The Pas today
Across the river from the town, Opaskwayak Cree Nation counted 6,587 members in 2022, with 3,380 living on reserve. Its main reserve, OCN 21E, covers nearly 178 square kilometres across 24 land parcels. A chief and eight councillors govern under an election code the members adopted in 2012. Opaskwayak runs Joe A. Ross School and Oscar Lathlin Collegiate on reserve. The Nation also built Otineka Mall, which opened in 1976. At 225,000 square feet, it is the largest mall in northern Manitoba. The 1,100-seat Gordon Lathlin Memorial Centre opened in 1985. Since 1996 it has hosted the Blizzard of the Manitoba Junior Hockey League. One census count put the town's Indigenous share at 46.2 per cent. That included 26.4 per cent First Nations and 19.8 per cent Métis residents. University College of the North keeps one of its two main campuses here. It runs 12 regional centres from Swan River to Churchill, nine of them in First Nations communities. A Council of Elders helps the college respect Indigenous and northern cultures. The college reports that 84 per cent of its graduates stay to work in northern Manitoba.
More on the region: Indigenous Manitoba · all of Canada.
Printing for The Pas
Alongside its own line, XUSI screen prints custom apparel for schools, teams, businesses, Nations and events in The Pas. Ten garments minimum, up to four colours, design help included, and a full quote before anything runs.
The clothing side is Indigenous-designed and Indigenous-owned, out of Saskatoon on Treaty 6. See custom screen printing, or shop the XUSI line.
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