An introduction to Fredericton: its history, the Nations whose lands it sits on, and Indigenous community life today, with sources.
Indigenous history of Fredericton
Wolastoqiyik take their name from the river they call the Wolastoq, meaning beautiful and bountiful river, and Sitansisk (St. Mary’s First Nation) is located within the city. The Wolastoqey communities of Bilijk (Kingsclear) and Welamukotuk (Oromocto) are also in the capital region, and Sitansisk hosts an annual powwow. For generations the Wolastoqiyik moved with the seasons, keeping villages along the river where they fished and hunted. In 1725 the Wolastoqiyik, Passamaquoddy and Mi’kmaq signed the first Peace and Friendship Treaties with the British Crown. The City of Fredericton notes these treaties recognized Indigenous title rather than surrendering land. Permanent Wolastoqey communities were set up at Bilijk in 1795, Sitansisk in 1867 and Welamukotuk in 1895.
Treaty and territory
Fredericton is on the unceded territory of the Wolastoqiyik, covered by the Peace and Friendship Treaties.
Nearby: Sitansisk (St. Mary’s First Nation) · Bilijk (Kingsclear First Nation) · Welamukotuk (Oromocto First Nation) · Oromocto · New Maryland
Indigenous Fredericton today
Sitansisk is one of six Wolastoqey communities along the river. The Wolastoqey Nation in New Brunswick, based on Dedham Street in Fredericton, is the technical advisory body for all six. It reviews projects and gives advice on land, fisheries, forestry and environmental assessments. Its logo, designed by Natalie Sappier, draws on elements important to Wolastoqey culture. The City of Fredericton has taken several steps toward reconciliation. The Wolastoqey flag now flies permanently at City Hall, and September 30 is a municipal holiday for the National Day for Truth and Reconciliation. The city has begun acting on 14 of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's Calls to Action. Sitansisk presented its flag for display in council chambers, along with a Wampum Belt marking renewed relations between the two governments. The city also provides space for Kehkimin, a Wolastoqey language immersion school. The Wolastoqiyik belong to the Wabanaki Confederacy with the Mi'kmaq, Abenaki, Penobscot and Passamaquoddy. At the University of New Brunswick, the Mi'kmaq-Wolastoqey Centre teaches Wabanaki histories, cultures and treaty rights and supports Indigenous students.
More on the region: Indigenous New Brunswick · all of Canada.