New Brunswick · History, treaty and community

Indigenous Fredericton: Wolastoqiyik Territory, Nations and Community

An introduction to Fredericton: its history, the Nations whose lands it sits on, and Indigenous community life today, with sources.

Indigenous history of Fredericton

Wolastoqiyik take their name from the river they call the Wolastoq, meaning beautiful and bountiful river, and Sitansisk (St. Mary’s First Nation) is located within the city. The Wolastoqey communities of Bilijk (Kingsclear) and Welamukotuk (Oromocto) are also in the capital region, and Sitansisk hosts an annual powwow. For generations the Wolastoqiyik moved with the seasons, keeping villages along the river where they fished and hunted. In 1725 the Wolastoqiyik, Passamaquoddy and Mi’kmaq signed the first Peace and Friendship Treaties with the British Crown. The City of Fredericton notes these treaties recognized Indigenous title rather than surrendering land. Permanent Wolastoqey communities were set up at Bilijk in 1795, Sitansisk in 1867 and Welamukotuk in 1895.

Treaty and territory

Fredericton is on the unceded territory of the Wolastoqiyik, covered by the Peace and Friendship Treaties.

Nearby: Sitansisk (St. Mary’s First Nation) · Bilijk (Kingsclear First Nation) · Welamukotuk (Oromocto First Nation) · Oromocto · New Maryland

Indigenous Fredericton today

Sitansisk is one of six Wolastoqey communities along the river. The Wolastoqey Nation in New Brunswick, based on Dedham Street in Fredericton, is the technical advisory body for all six. It reviews projects and gives advice on land, fisheries, forestry and environmental assessments. Its logo, designed by Natalie Sappier, draws on elements important to Wolastoqey culture. The City of Fredericton has taken several steps toward reconciliation. The Wolastoqey flag now flies permanently at City Hall, and September 30 is a municipal holiday for the National Day for Truth and Reconciliation. The city has begun acting on 14 of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's Calls to Action. Sitansisk presented its flag for display in council chambers, along with a Wampum Belt marking renewed relations between the two governments. The city also provides space for Kehkimin, a Wolastoqey language immersion school. The Wolastoqiyik belong to the Wabanaki Confederacy with the Mi'kmaq, Abenaki, Penobscot and Passamaquoddy. At the University of New Brunswick, the Mi'kmaq-Wolastoqey Centre teaches Wabanaki histories, cultures and treaty rights and supports Indigenous students.

More on the region: Indigenous New Brunswick · all of Canada.

XUSI services in Fredericton: youth workshops, screen printing and clothing

XUSI is an Indigenous-owned business from Saskatoon, started in 2020 by two brothers from northern Saskatchewan. Along with our clothing, we bring Indigenous youth workshops and custom screen printing to Fredericton and across New Brunswick.

Youth workshops

Indigenous youth workshops in Fredericton

Strong Roots Strong Future is our interactive workshop for Indigenous youth, led by the two brothers who founded XUSI. We travel to schools, First Nations and Indigenous communities, youth organizations and funding programs in Fredericton and across New Brunswick. Youth ages 10 and up work through identity and culture, financial literacy, fitness, entrepreneurship and business skills, career readiness and hands-on screen printing.

Screen printing

Custom screen printing for Fredericton

Custom t-shirts, hoodies and crewnecks for Fredericton schools, sports teams, businesses, events and First Nations and Indigenous organizations. Send us an idea, get free design help and a full quote before anything is printed. We print in Saskatoon and ship to Fredericton. 10-garment minimum, up to 4 colours per design.

Clothing

Indigenous clothing, streetwear and gym clothing

Heavyweight cotton tees, hoodies, crewnecks and A-frame hats with Cree words and the stories behind them. Fitness is part of how XUSI started, so our pieces are built for the gym and the street, and we ship them to Fredericton.

Keep learning in the XUSI Journal

Fredericton questions

Can I pick up my order in Fredericton?

Pickup is available only in Saskatoon. We ship to Fredericton from Saskatoon, with the shipping cost shown at checkout and free shipping within Canada on orders of $90 or more.

Our Fredericton student group needs shirts. What is the minimum?

Custom screen printing needs at least 10 garments. Every order gets a full quote before anything is printed, and design help is included. We print in Saskatoon and ship the order to you.

Could a UNB Indigenous student group or a Fredericton language program order custom shirts?

Yes. Custom screen printing starts at 10 garments, with up to 4 colours per design, and every order is quoted before printing. Design help is included. We print in Saskatoon and ship the order to Fredericton, which suits a student group, a class or a volunteer team.

Do XUSI designs use Wolastoqey language or art?

XUSI is an Indigenous-owned brand from Saskatoon, and many of our designs carry a Cree word, with its story on our Meanings page. Fredericton sits on Wolastoqey homeland, and that language and art belong to the Wolastoqiyik. Many of our designs carry a Cree word, with its story on our Meanings page.

Why the Cree is on there

Putting nêhiyawêwin on a shirt is a small way of keeping it in use. XUSI does it on purpose: each design carries a Cree word, and each one is explained in the founders’ own words for whoever picks it up in Fredericton.

The brand is Indigenous-owned and based in Saskatoon, on Treaty 6. Read every meaning on the Meanings page, or shop Cree language clothing.

Shop all XUSI →

Gifts under $50


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