New Brunswick · History, treaty and community

Indigenous Miramichi: Mi’kma’ki, Nations and Community

An introduction to Miramichi: its history, the Nations whose lands it sits on, and Indigenous community life today, with sources.

Indigenous history of Miramichi

Two Mi’kmaq communities, Natoaganeg and Metepenagiag, sit upriver close to the city. The Mi’kmaq have lived along the Miramichi for thousands of years. Evidence there shows more than 3,000 years of Mi’kmaq life. His son Richard later counted about 500 Indigenous residents alongside the French. In 1761, Miramichi Mi’kmaq signed a Peace and Friendship Treaty with Britain. Such treaties had no land transfer provisions.

Treaty and territory

Miramichi is in Mi’kma’ki, the unceded homeland of the Mi’kmaq, covered by the Peace and Friendship Treaties. Miramichi Mi’kmaq signed a treaty with the British in 1761, and those treaties did not transfer land.

Nearby: Natoaganeg First Nation (Eel Ground) · Metepenagiag Mi'kmaq Nation (Red Bank) · Esgenoôpetitj First Nation (Burnt Church) · Neguac · Kouchibouguac National Park · Rexton

Indigenous Miramichi today

Three Mi'kmaq First Nations sit along the river and bay. Natoaganeg, also called Eel Ground, lies next to the city where the Northwest and Southwest branches meet. The British recognized it in 1783, and it had 977 residents in 2012. Its Chief and eleven councillors lead the community. Metepenagiag, or Red Bank, runs the Metepenagiag Heritage Park. The park shares the story of its two national historic sites with visitors and residents. More than 100 other archaeological sites have been found in the community since 1975. Esgenoôpetitj, or Burnt Church, lies on Miramichi Bay. Its reserve was set out in 1805, when it was the largest Mi'kmaq settlement in New Brunswick. Members have fought hard for their lobster fishing rights. That struggle followed the 1999 Marshall decision, which found that treaty fishing and hunting rights had never been extinguished. The Peace and Friendship Treaties remain the foundation of Mi'kmaq rights here. Because the treaties did not cede land, Indigenous nations have filed Aboriginal title claims that together cover all of New Brunswick.

More on the region: Indigenous New Brunswick · all of Canada.

XUSI services in Miramichi: youth workshops, screen printing and clothing

XUSI is an Indigenous-owned business from Saskatoon, started in 2020 by two brothers from northern Saskatchewan. Along with our clothing, we bring Indigenous youth workshops and custom screen printing to Miramichi and across New Brunswick.

Youth workshops

Indigenous youth workshops in Miramichi

Strong Roots Strong Future is our interactive workshop for Indigenous youth, led by the two brothers who founded XUSI. We travel to schools, First Nations and Indigenous communities, youth organizations and funding programs in Miramichi and across New Brunswick. Youth ages 10 and up work through identity and culture, financial literacy, fitness, entrepreneurship and business skills, career readiness and hands-on screen printing.

Screen printing

Custom screen printing for Miramichi

Custom t-shirts, hoodies and crewnecks for Miramichi schools, sports teams, businesses, events and First Nations and Indigenous organizations. Send us an idea, get free design help and a full quote before anything is printed. We print in Saskatoon and ship to Miramichi. 10-garment minimum, up to 4 colours per design.

Clothing

Indigenous clothing, streetwear and gym clothing

Heavyweight cotton tees, hoodies, crewnecks and A-frame hats with Cree words and the stories behind them. Fitness is part of how XUSI started, so our pieces are built for the gym and the street, and we ship them to Miramichi.

Keep learning in the XUSI Journal

Miramichi questions

Do you ship to Miramichi and the rest of New Brunswick?

Yes. Orders of $90 or more ship free to Miramichi and anywhere in Canada. Smaller orders show the shipping cost at checkout. Every order is packed in Saskatoon and leaves our shop within 1 to 3 business days.

Can XUSI print shirts for a Miramichi team, school or community group?

Yes. Custom screen printing starts at 10 garments, with up to 4 colours per design. Every order gets a full quote before anything is printed, and design help is included. We print in Saskatoon and ship the finished order to Miramichi.

Is XUSI connected to the Mi'kmaq communities around Miramichi?

No. XUSI is an Indigenous-owned company founded in Saskatoon in 2020 by two brothers, on Treaty 6 territory. We have no partnership, stockist or event with Natoaganeg, Metepenagiag or Esgenoôpetitj. Many of our designs carry a Cree word, and we share each story on our meanings page.

Who makes this

XUSI is run by two brothers from a small reserve community in northern Saskatchewan. They started the brand in Saskatoon in 2020, on Treaty 6 territory, and they draw every piece that ships to Miramichi.

The words on the clothing are Cree, and the meanings are written by the founders themselves. Read all of them on the Meanings page, or start with Cree language clothing.

Shop all XUSI →

Gifts under $50


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