Ontario · History, treaty and community

Indigenous Mississauga: Mississaugas of the Credit Lands, Nations and Community

An introduction to Mississauga: its history, the Nations whose lands it sits on, and Indigenous community life today, with sources.

Indigenous history of Mississauga

West of Toronto in the Regional Municipality of Peel, Mississauga became a city in 1974 and is now the second-largest in the Greater Toronto Area. Its name honours the Mississaugas of the Credit, whose ancestors ceded the land through the Head of the Lake Treaty, No. At the midnight celebration of the new name on January 1, 1968, Chief Fred King of the Mississaugas of the Credit presented a medicine stick to the mayor, and the 1974 coat of arms includes a Mississauga figure. Huron-Wendat, Haudenosaunee and Anishinaabe peoples lived in the area for thousands of years before that. The Mississaugas are part of the Anishinaabe, or Ojibwe, Nation. Their First Nation explains that the name comes from Missisakis, meaning many river mouths in Anishinaabemowin. Their territory once ran from Long Point on Lake Erie east to the Rouge River. English fur traders extended credit to the Mississaugas, trusting them to repay their debts each spring. Peter Jones, known as Kahkewaquonaby, was born in 1802 to a Mississauga mother and a surveyor father. After converting to Christianity in 1823, he became the first Indigenous Methodist missionary to the Ojibwa. He was elected chief of two Ojibwa bands and argued forcefully for Indigenous land rights. With his brother John, he worked on early Bible translations into Ojibwa. By the 1840s, settlers far outnumbered the Mississaugas on the Credit. In May 1847, about 266 people relocated to 4,800 acres in Tuscarora Township, a gift from the Six Nations Confederacy. The First Nation bought it outright in 1903 for $10,000.

Treaty and territory

Mississauga is on the treaty lands and territory of the Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation, and the traditional territory of the Anishinaabe, Haudenosaunee and Huron-Wendat peoples.

Nearby: Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation · Brampton · Oakville · Milton · Toronto

Indigenous Mississauga today

The Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation now lives on a reserve of about 6,100 acres near Hagersville. It is all that remains of the Nation's historic territory. Membership is about 2,570, and nearly two-thirds of members live off reserve. In 2010 the Nation settled its Toronto Purchase and Brant Tract claims for $145 million. The Nation also helped launch the Moccasin Identifier project with Carolyn King. The project places moccasin markers across Canada as reminders of treaties and Indigenous relationships to the land. Its goal is to cover Canada in moccasins. In Mississauga, National Indigenous Peoples Day has become an annual gathering at Celebration Square. Heritage Mississauga described the 2025 edition as the fourth annual event, held with the Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation. The lineup included Inuk artist Tanya Tagaq, the Manitou Mkwa Singers and local artist MR. SAUGA. Hand drumming, throat singing, hip-hop, an artisan marketplace and food vendors filled the square. Heritage Mississauga also gathers Indigenous oral histories through its Voices of the Land project. It shares teaching resources, including a comic called Legend of the Credit Mission. Its land acknowledgement recognizes the Treaty Lands and Territory of the Mississaugas of the Credit.

More on the region: Indigenous Ontario · all of Canada.

XUSI services in Mississauga: youth workshops, screen printing and clothing

XUSI is an Indigenous-owned business from Saskatoon, started in 2020 by two brothers from northern Saskatchewan. Along with our clothing, we bring Indigenous youth workshops and custom screen printing to Mississauga and across Ontario.

Youth workshops

Indigenous youth workshops in Mississauga

Strong Roots Strong Future is our interactive workshop for Indigenous youth, led by the two brothers who founded XUSI. We travel to schools, First Nations and Indigenous communities, youth organizations and funding programs in Mississauga and across Ontario. Youth ages 10 and up work through identity and culture, financial literacy, fitness, entrepreneurship and business skills, career readiness and hands-on screen printing.

Screen printing

Custom screen printing for Mississauga

Custom t-shirts, hoodies and crewnecks for Mississauga schools, sports teams, businesses, events and First Nations and Indigenous organizations. Send us an idea, get free design help and a full quote before anything is printed. We print in Saskatoon and ship to Mississauga. 10-garment minimum, up to 4 colours per design.

Clothing

Indigenous clothing, streetwear and gym clothing

Heavyweight cotton tees, hoodies, crewnecks and A-frame hats with Cree words and the stories behind them. Fitness is part of how XUSI started, so our pieces are built for the gym and the street, and we ship them to Mississauga.

Keep learning in the XUSI Journal

Mississauga questions

Can I send a XUSI hoodie as a gift to someone in Mississauga?

Yes. Enter their Mississauga address at checkout, where the shipping cost is calculated. Orders leave Saskatoon within 1–3 business days.

What if the size is wrong on an order shipped to Mississauga?

You can request a return within 30 days.

Can a Mississauga school order shirts for a treaty education project?

Yes. Our custom screen printing starts at 10 garments, with up to 4 colours per design, and every order is quoted before printing. Design help is included. If your class wants a design that references the Mississaugas of the Credit, we recommend working with the Nation on its imagery and wording.

What would you wear to National Indigenous Peoples Day at Celebration Square?

The celebration falls on June 21, often a warm and humid day by Lake Ontario. A heavyweight cotton tee or our women's baby rib tee keeps you comfortable outdoors. Add an A-frame snapback for sun while you browse the artisan marketplace and watch the performances.

Who makes this

XUSI is run by two brothers from a small reserve community in northern Saskatchewan. They started the brand in Saskatoon in 2020, on Treaty 6 territory, and they draw every piece that ships to Mississauga.

The words on the clothing are Cree, and the meanings are written by the founders themselves. Read all of them on the Meanings page, or start with Cree language clothing.

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