An introduction to Mississauga: its history, the Nations whose lands it sits on, and Indigenous community life today, with sources.
Indigenous history of Mississauga
West of Toronto in the Regional Municipality of Peel, Mississauga became a city in 1974 and is now the second-largest in the Greater Toronto Area. Its name honours the Mississaugas of the Credit, whose ancestors ceded the land through the Head of the Lake Treaty, No. At the midnight celebration of the new name on January 1, 1968, Chief Fred King of the Mississaugas of the Credit presented a medicine stick to the mayor, and the 1974 coat of arms includes a Mississauga figure. Huron-Wendat, Haudenosaunee and Anishinaabe peoples lived in the area for thousands of years before that. The Mississaugas are part of the Anishinaabe, or Ojibwe, Nation. Their First Nation explains that the name comes from Missisakis, meaning many river mouths in Anishinaabemowin. Their territory once ran from Long Point on Lake Erie east to the Rouge River. English fur traders extended credit to the Mississaugas, trusting them to repay their debts each spring. Peter Jones, known as Kahkewaquonaby, was born in 1802 to a Mississauga mother and a surveyor father. After converting to Christianity in 1823, he became the first Indigenous Methodist missionary to the Ojibwa. He was elected chief of two Ojibwa bands and argued forcefully for Indigenous land rights. With his brother John, he worked on early Bible translations into Ojibwa. By the 1840s, settlers far outnumbered the Mississaugas on the Credit. In May 1847, about 266 people relocated to 4,800 acres in Tuscarora Township, a gift from the Six Nations Confederacy. The First Nation bought it outright in 1903 for $10,000.
Treaty and territory
Mississauga is on the treaty lands and territory of the Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation, and the traditional territory of the Anishinaabe, Haudenosaunee and Huron-Wendat peoples.
Nearby: Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation · Brampton · Oakville · Milton · Toronto
Indigenous Mississauga today
The Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation now lives on a reserve of about 6,100 acres near Hagersville. It is all that remains of the Nation's historic territory. Membership is about 2,570, and nearly two-thirds of members live off reserve. In 2010 the Nation settled its Toronto Purchase and Brant Tract claims for $145 million. The Nation also helped launch the Moccasin Identifier project with Carolyn King. The project places moccasin markers across Canada as reminders of treaties and Indigenous relationships to the land. Its goal is to cover Canada in moccasins. In Mississauga, National Indigenous Peoples Day has become an annual gathering at Celebration Square. Heritage Mississauga described the 2025 edition as the fourth annual event, held with the Mississaugas of the Credit First Nation. The lineup included Inuk artist Tanya Tagaq, the Manitou Mkwa Singers and local artist MR. SAUGA. Hand drumming, throat singing, hip-hop, an artisan marketplace and food vendors filled the square. Heritage Mississauga also gathers Indigenous oral histories through its Voices of the Land project. It shares teaching resources, including a comic called Legend of the Credit Mission. Its land acknowledgement recognizes the Treaty Lands and Territory of the Mississaugas of the Credit.
More on the region: Indigenous Ontario · all of Canada.