An introduction to Moncton: its history, the Nations whose lands it sits on, and Indigenous community life today, with sources.
Indigenous history of Moncton
Moncton grew on a bend of the Petitcodiac River in southeastern New Brunswick, within Mi’kmaw territory. The nearest Mi’kmaw communities are Amlamgog (Fort Folly), southeast of the city, and Elsipogtog, farther north on the Kent County coast. Moncton was founded on the traditional territory of the Mi’kmaq. The river that shapes the city carries a Mi’kmaw name: Petitcodiac has been translated as bends like a bow.
Treaty and territory
Moncton is in Mi’kma’ki, the ancestral and unceded territory of the Mi’kmaq, covered by the Peace and Friendship Treaties.
Nearby: Dieppe · Riverview · Amlamgog (Fort Folly First Nation) · Elsipogtog First Nation · Tjipõgtõtjg (Buctouche First Nation)
Indigenous Moncton today
The 2021 census counted 2,080 Indigenous residents in Moncton, about 2.69 per cent of the city. The City has also commissioned its first Indigenous public art installation. The closest Mi'kmaw community is small but long-established. Fort Folly First Nation, near Dorchester, holds one reserve of about 56 hectares, set aside in 1840 under New Brunswick law. In June 2025 it counted 141 members, most of them living off reserve. Farther north in Kent County, Elsipogtog First Nation is much larger. Its registered population was 3,574 in April 2023. The community was formerly called the Big Cove Band, and its name means River of Fire. Its Richibucto 15 reserve dates from 1805. Its two reserves cover 17.72 square kilometres, and 2,736 members lived on reserve in 2023. Census data show that 56.9 per cent of residents speak Mi'kmaq. Elsipogtog drew national attention in 2013, when community members and supporters blocked roads to oppose shale gas exploration. In 2021 it won Kraft Hockeyville, bringing arena funding and an NHL preseason game in October 2022.
More on the region: Indigenous New Brunswick · all of Canada.