An introduction to Ottawa: its history, the Nations whose lands it sits on, and Indigenous community life today, with sources.
Indigenous history of Ottawa
Canada’s capital sits on the south bank of the Ottawa River where the Rideau River flows into it, on unceded Algonquin Anishinaabe territory. Carleton University, the University of Ottawa and Algonquin College draw students from across the country. The Odawa Native Friendship Centre, which marked 50 years in 2025, hosts a traditional powwow each year that welcomes dancers, drummers and visitors. Every June the Summer Solstice Indigenous Festival brings music, dance, food and artisans together around National Indigenous Peoples Day. Negotiations over the Algonquin land claim covering the Ottawa valley began in 1991, and an agreement in principle was reached in 2016. Algonquins have lived along the river they call Kichisippi for thousands of years. The city’s name honours the Odawa, although it was built on Algonquin land. In 1772, Algonquins sent their first petition to the Crown seeking recognition of their territory.
Treaty and territory
Ottawa is on the unceded traditional territory of the Algonquin Anishinaabe Nation.
Nearby: Gatineau · Kitigan Zibi Anishinabeg · Algonquins of Pikwàkanagàn First Nation · Akwesasne · Kanata
Indigenous Ottawa today
The Algonquins of Ontario bring together ten communities, including an Ottawa community and Pikwakanagan First Nation, to pursue a unified settlement. Their claim covers about 9 million acres of unceded land in the Kichisippi and Mattawa watersheds. More than 1.2 million people live across the 84 municipalities in that area, including Ottawa. The Wabano Centre for Aboriginal Health is on Montreal Road. It calls itself an Indigenous centre for excellence in health care, created by Indigenous people for Indigenous people. Its model draws on the Medicine Wheel and on Ojibwe ideas of health as living the good life. It runs a primary care clinic and an eye clinic. It also offers mental wellness, maternal health and diabetes support, plus programs from infancy to old age. Inuit services are based in the city too. Tungasuvvingat Inuit, on Dupuis Street, is an Inuit-specific urban service provider for all ages. It notes that 40% of Inuit now live outside Inuit Nunangat. Its programs cover employment and education, food security, housing, family well-being, and child welfare. Its Pisiksik Justice Department prepares Gladue reports and supports restorative justice. It also runs food banks for students, families and Elders.
More on the region: Indigenous Ontario · all of Canada.