An introduction to Peterborough: its history, the Nations whose lands it sits on, and Indigenous community life today, with sources.
Indigenous history of Peterborough
Its Ojibway name, Nogojiwanong, is given as the place at the end of the rapids. The Nogojiwanong Friendship Centre runs a main site and a satellite office in the city. Michi Saagiig, or Mississauga Anishnaabeg, people have lived along the Otonabee River and the lakes to the north for generations. The city’s Ojibway name, Nogojiwanong, still points to the rapids on the Otonabee. In October and November 1923, the Crown signed the Williams Treaties with seven First Nations. The Mississauga signatories were Alderville, Curve Lake, Hiawatha and Scugog Island. The treaties covered more than 20,000 square kilometres of south central Ontario. They were the last historic land cession treaties in Canada. They were also more restrictive on hunting and fishing rights than earlier treaties. In 2018, Canada and Ontario reached a settlement with the Williams Treaties First Nations. It included $666 million from Canada and $444 million from Ontario and recognized treaty harvesting rights. Both governments also formally apologized.
Treaty and territory
Peterborough sits on the treaty and traditional territory of the Mississauga Anishnaabeg, within the lands of the Williams Treaties First Nations.
Nearby: Curve Lake First Nation · Hiawatha First Nation · Lakefield · Alderville First Nation · Petroglyphs Provincial Park · Millbrook
Indigenous Peterborough today
Indigenous learning has deep roots in Peterborough. Trent University was the first university in Canada to create a dedicated Indigenous Studies department, more than 50 years ago. Its Chanie Wenjack School is named for an Anishinaabe youth from Ogoki Post who attended Cecilia Jeffrey Indian Residential School. The First Peoples House of Learning is based at Peter Gzowski College. The Boodweh Centre teaches Indigenous knowledge and languages, including Nishnaabemowiin and Haudenosaunee languages. The Nogojiwanong Friendship Centre opened in 2008. It runs more than 20 programs for First Nations, Métis, Inuit and other urban Indigenous people. They include family and youth programs, diabetes support, housing help, court support and Elder visits. The centre's work is grounded in the Seven Grandfather Teachings. Curve Lake First Nation is one of the Williams Treaties nations near Peterborough. It supports its members through employment, health and family services. About 40 kilometres northeast, Petroglyphs Provincial Park protects the Teaching Rocks, the largest known concentration of Indigenous rock carvings in Canada.
More on the region: Indigenous Ontario · all of Canada.