An introduction to Prince Rupert: its history, the Nations whose lands it sits on, and Indigenous community life today, with sources.
Indigenous history of Prince Rupert
Prince Rupert occupies Kaien Island on the ancestral lands of the Ts’msyen, Sm’algya̱x-speaking peoples whose name means people inside the Skeena River and who have lived around the harbour for at least 5,000 years. Lax Kw’alaams and Metlakatla are nearby communities with deep Ts’msyen roots. The Museum of Northern BC, housed in a cedar longhouse, holds thousands of artifacts from Ts’msyen, Haida and other coastal nations, and the North Pacific Cannery National Historic Site near Port Edward recalls the canning era. Coast Mountain College has a campus in the city, and ferries connect Prince Rupert to Haida Gwaii, Port Hardy and Alaska. The Canadian Encyclopedia describes Kaien Island as a meeting place of the Tsimshian and Haida peoples. Tsimshian society was traditionally organized through matrilineal descent. In 1862 the Anglican missionary William Duncan set up a Christian settlement at Metlakatla, close to today’s city. About 350 Tsimshian people moved there from Port Simpson. In 1887 Duncan and about 825 residents left for a new Metlakatla near Ketchikan, Alaska.
Treaty and territory
Prince Rupert is on the traditional territory of the Ts’msyen (Tsimshian) people, including the Lax Kw’alaams and Metlakatla First Nations.
Nearby: Port Edward · Lax Kw’alaams · Metlakatla · Gitxaała Nation (Kitkatla) · Terrace
Indigenous Prince Rupert today
Ts'msyen Nations are central to life and business around Prince Rupert. Metlakatla First Nation sits about 5 kilometres north of the city, on a site occupied for thousands of years. Its name means saltwater pass in Sm'algyax, the Coast Tsimshian language. The Nation has a Governing Council, a Treaty Office and a Stewardship Office. Its development corporation runs the Metlakatla Ferry Service and several other companies. Members continue to harvest traditional foods on their land. Lax Kw'alaams takes its name from Laxłgu'alaams, the Place of the Wild Roses. The band offers career and employment programs. It has held holiday dinners for members in Prince Rupert, Vancouver and Prince George, as well as at home. Indigenous Nations also have a direct stake in the port. Metlakatla and Lax Kw'alaams hold majority ownership of Gat Leedm Logistics, which provides trucking at the port. An Indigenous joint venture that includes Metlakatla, Lax Kw'alaams and Gitxaała led development of the new CANXPORT logistics facility. Census figures show the wider community. The 2021 census counted 200 people with Tsimshian as their mother tongue and 4,800 with Tsimshian ancestry. The Tsimshian First Nations Treaty Society, founded in 2004, represents five bands in treaty talks, including Metlakatla.
More on the region: Indigenous British Columbia · all of Canada.