An introduction to Thunder Bay: its history, the Nations whose lands it sits on, and Indigenous community life today, with sources.
Indigenous history of Thunder Bay
It lies on Anishinaabe territory covered by the Robinson-Superior Treaty of 1850, beside Fort William First Nation, and has the highest proportion of Indigenous residents among major Canadian cities. Nishnawbe Aski Nation, representing 51 First Nations in Treaty 9 and Treaty 5 territory, keeps its administrative offices in the city. The Fort William First Nation Powwow takes place each summer at Anemki Wajiw, also known as Mount McKay, and Anishinaabe Keeshigun celebrates culture and language every August. The Thunder Bay Indigenous Friendship Centre also serves the urban community. The Ojibway of Fort William First Nation signed the Robinson-Superior Treaty and still live on the lake’s western shore. Fort William First Nation has since renewed its 1988 band membership code as part of a five-year constitutional development plan.
Treaty and territory
Thunder Bay is on the traditional territory of the Anishinaabe of Fort William First Nation, covered by the Robinson-Superior Treaty of 1850.
Nearby: Fort William First Nation · Red Rock Indian Band · Oliver Paipoonge · Shuniah · Neebing
Indigenous Thunder Bay today
Many young people from northern First Nations come to Thunder Bay for high school. The Northern Nishnawbe Education Council was founded in 1978 on the principle that Indigenous people should be able to self-determine their youth's education. It operates Dennis Franklin Cromarty High School in the city, alongside Pelican Falls First Nations High School and the Wahsa Distance Education Centre. It serves young people from Sioux Lookout District First Nations who study away from their home reserves, and oversees boarding homes for them. At Lakehead University, the Indigenous Student Services Centre supports students on the Thunder Bay campus. The university also runs the Niijii Indigenous Mentorship program, a Global Indigenous Speakers Series and an Indigenous Content Requirement. Fort William First Nation describes its mission as promoting the physical, mental, emotional and spiritual well-being of its people. It manages Anemki Wajiw through its property management department and says its sovereignty rests in its relationship with the land. Indigenous art has a public home here too. The Thunder Bay Art Gallery focuses on contemporary work by Indigenous and Northern Ontario artists. Its permanent collection holds more than 1,800 works, including pieces by Norval Morrisseau.
More on the region: Indigenous Ontario · all of Canada.