An introduction to Vancouver: its history, the Nations whose lands it sits on, and Indigenous community life today, with sources.
Indigenous history of Vancouver
The City of Vancouver acknowledges that it sits on the unceded traditional territories of the xʷməθkʷəy̓əm (Musqueam), Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw (Squamish Nation) and səlilwətaɬ (Tsleil-Waututh) Nations. The University of British Columbia and Simon Fraser University anchor higher education, and the Museum of Anthropology at UBC holds important collections of Northwest Coast Indigenous art and belongings. The Vancouver Aboriginal Friendship Centre Society provides programs for the large urban Indigenous community. The Canadian Encyclopedia says the Squamish, Musqueam and Tsleil-Waututh peoples settled here more than 8,000 years ago. Musqueam ancestors lived throughout the Fraser River estuary, and c̓əsnaʔəm is one of their major village sites. Their name, xʷməθkʷəy̓əm, comes from məθkʷəy̓, a flowering plant that once grew throughout their territory. The Squamish Nation notes that some of its village sites date back 3,000 years.
Treaty and territory
Vancouver is on the unceded territories of the xʷməθkʷəy̓əm (Musqueam), Sḵwx̱wú7mesh (Squamish) and səlilwətaɬ (Tsleil-Waututh) Nations.
Nearby: xʷməθkʷəy̓əm (Musqueam) · səlilwətaɬ (Tsleil-Waututh Nation) · Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Úxwumixw (Squamish Nation) · Burnaby · North Vancouver · Richmond
Indigenous Vancouver today
Vancouver became a City of Reconciliation on July 8, 2014. Council adopted a framework for working with the three host Nations and urban Indigenous communities. In October 2022 council approved a strategy to put the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples into practice. Its five-year action plan began in June 2024. The city signed the Sen̓áḵw Services Agreement with the Squamish Nation in May 2022. In June 2023 it adopted the Sḵwx̱wú7mesh Protocol to guide how the two governments work together. For the tenth anniversary, Squamish artist Aaron Nelson Moody (Splash) designed a new reconciliation logo with Coast Salish elements. Musqueam has more than 1,300 members, many living on the reserve south of Marine Drive near the mouth of the Fraser. Its traditional language is hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓. The Tsleil-Waututh, whose name means People of the Inlet, centre their community on Burrard Inlet between Maplewood Flats and Deep Cove. In their words, "When the tide went out, the table was set." In 2000 the Squamish Nation created X̱ay Temíxw, a land use plan for its territory.
More on the region: Indigenous British Columbia · all of Canada.